极薄带微轧制技术研究与应用新进展

随着3C产品微型化和微制造技术兴起,在电子、计算机、医疗、能源、交通等相关行业对高质量金属极薄带出现了现实需求和迫切期待,极薄带微轧制生产与研究成为本行业的新热点。介绍了极薄带材的研究、生产和应用状况,分析了极薄带微轧制条件和变形特点,介绍了东北大学极薄带课题组研究工作的新进展,探讨了极薄带微轧制生产与研究的发展方向。     

Chemical reaction kinetics dataset of Cs-I-B-Mo-O-H system for evaluation of fission product chemistry under LWR severe accident conditions

In order to improve LWR source term under severe accident conditions, the first version of a fission product chemistry database named ‘ECUME’ was developed. The ECUME is intended to include several datasets of major chemical reactions and their effective kinetic constants for representative severe accident sequences. It is expected that the ECUME can serve as a fundamental basis from which fission product chemical models can be elaborated for use in the severe accident analysis codes. The implemented chemical reactions in the first version were those for representative gas species in Cs-I-B-Mo-O-H system from 300 to 3000 K. The chemical reaction kinetic constants were evaluated from either literature data or calculated values using ab-initio calculations. The sample chemical reaction calculation using the presently constructed dataset showed meaningful kinetics effects at 1000 K. Comparison of the chemical equilibrium compositions by using the dataset with those by chemical equilibrium calculations has shown rather good consistency for the representative Cs-I-B-Mo-O-H species. From these results, it was concluded that the present dataset should be useful to evaluate fission product chemistry in Cs-I-B-Mo-O-H system under LWR severe accident conditions, where kinetics effects should be considered.     

Molybdenum Dioxide in Carbon Nanoreactors as a Catalytic Nanosponge for the Efficient Desulfurization of Liquid Fuels

The principle of a “catalytic nanosponge” that combines the catalysis of organosulfur oxidation and sequestration of the products from reaction mixtures is demonstrated. Group VI metal oxide nanoparticles (CrO_x, MoO_x, WO_x) are embedded within hollow graphitized carbon nanofibers (GNFs), which act as nanoscale reaction vessels for oxidation reactions used in the decontamination of fuel. When immersed in a model liquid alkane fuel contaminated with organosulfur compounds (benzothiophene, dibenzothiophene, dimethyldibenzothiophene), it is found that MoO₂@GNF nanoreactors, comprising 30 nm molybdenum dioxide nanoparticles grown within the channel of GNFs, show superior abilities toward oxidative desulfurization (ODS), affording over 98% sulfur removal at only 5.9 mol% catalyst loading. The role of the carbon nanoreactor in MoO₂@GNF is to enhance the activity and stability of catalytic centers over at least 5 cycles. Surprisingly, the nanotube cavity can selectively absorb and remove the ODS products (sulfoxides and sulfones) from several model fuel systems. This effect is related to an adsorptive desulfurization (ADS) mechanism, which in combination with ODS within the same material, yields a “catalytic nanosponge” MoO₂@GNF. This innovative ODS and ADS synergistic functionality negates the need for a solvent extraction step in fuel desulfurization and produces ultralow sulfur fuel.     

钼电极表面Y2O3-玻璃基涂层抗氧化性能研究

目的提高钼电极在玻璃炉窑烘窑过程中的抗氧化性能。方法在纯钼基体表面制备不同Y2O3含量的玻璃基抗氧化涂层。对涂层分别在800、1000、1200℃下进行抗氧化测试,利用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)对涂层在氧化前后的形貌、成分和物相进行检测,利用热分析仪对涂层粉体进行差热分析(DTA)。结果随着Y2O3成分含量的增加,硅酸盐玻璃的软化点温度不断降低,晶化放热峰也越来越低。Y2O3含量为10%和20%的涂层表面结构完整,整体比较致密,在1200℃高温氧化条件下,在第1h内出现增重,之后随着加热时间的延长,增重趋于稳定。Y2O3含量为30%的涂层表面呈致密片状结构,部分出现脱落,样品在氧化过程中出现明显失重。结论Y2O3含量为10%的Y2O3-玻璃基涂层经过1200℃抗氧化实验后,表面完整,试样增重较少,性能优良。涂层截面分为过渡层、中间层和最外层。过渡层主要为MoO2和MoO3,中间层主要是BaMoO4,最外层主要是SiO2。涂层抗氧化机理为互熔反应型保护机理和惰性熔膜屏蔽型保护机理。     

钼冶炼厂生活污水和工业废水零排放实践

介绍了某钼冶炼厂废水处理系统的改造实践情况。通过采用AO脱氮技术的地埋式一体化装置代替原有的两级生化曝气池等改造,处理后的生活污水出水COD在50 mg/L以下,氨氮质量浓度在15 mg/L以下,可全部回用于厂区作为绿化及道路清扫等用水;通过增加两级曝气池、pH调节池和溢流水槽对工业废水进行处理后,生产废水出水清澈透明,无杂色,满足GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》一级标准要求,可达标排放或回用,实现了废水的循环利用和零排放,节约了水资源。     

Kinetics and mechanism of formation of MoO2 by solid state reaction between MoS2 and MoO3

ABSTRACT

The kinetics and mechanism of the solid state reaction between MoS₂ and MoO₃ to form MoO₂ under nitrogen atmosphere between 723 and 973?K were studied using bulk mixed samples, mixed compressed pellets and pure MoS₂ and MoO₃ pellets with one face in contact. The results show that for the bulk samples, the reaction reaches a maximum conversion of 67.3% at 923?K in 75?min, while for compressed samples conversion under similar conditions reaches 96.1% in 75 min, which reflects the effect of the physical conditions of both types of experiments on the reaction kinetics. The calculated activation energy values for both experimental conditions are consistent, with an average value of ?44.2?±?1.9?kJ, which is in the range of diffusion-controlled solid state reactions. For the samples with one face in contact, above 923?K the results appear to indicate that solid state molecular diffusion of both MoS₂ and MoO₃ in opposite directions in the newly formed MoO₂ crystal structure could take place, with estimated diffusion coefficients of MoS₂ in MoO₂ and MoO₃ in MoO₂ at 923?K of 1.08?×?10^?6 and 7.78?×?10^?6cm²?s^?1, and at 973?K of 10^?5 and 1.13?×?10^?5?cm²?s^?1, respectively.     

硅钼蓝分光光度法测定高铍铍铝合金中硅

高铍铍铝合金中的杂质元素硅对高铍铍铝合金热等静压、精密铸造及耐腐蚀性能影响较大,需要对其含量进行严格控制,所以测定高铍铍铝合金中的硅具有重要意义。采用硫酸(1+1)、硝酸和氢氟酸于水浴条件下溶解试样,用硼酸掩蔽剩余氟离子,在0.10~0.15mol/L硫硝混酸介质下,钼酸铵与硅反应生成硅钼黄杂多酸,稳定20min后,用草酸掩蔽铁离子,同时加入抗坏血酸将硅钼黄还原成硅钼蓝,放置10min,于波长820nm处采用分光光度法进行测定,实现了硅钼蓝分光光度法对高铍铍铝合金(铍的质量分数为60%~70%)中硅的测定。在优化的实验条件下,试液中硅质量在10~60μg范围内与其对应的吸光度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为1.000,方法中硅的检出限和测定下限分别为0.0021%(质量分数,下同)和0.0071%。按照实验方法测定60BeAl和70BeAl两个高铍铍铝合金试样中硅含量,测得结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=8)为2.9%~3.4%。将实验方法用于测定高铍铍铝合金实际试样中硅含量,结果与电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)相吻合。     

钼蓝分光光度法联合测定铁矿石中磷和二氧化硅

以往铁矿石中磷和二氧化硅含量的测定需要分别采用钼蓝分光光度法。在使用磷钼蓝分光光度法时,常会因钒、砷等的干扰使得磷测定结果不准确,需要将样品再处理后才能测定。实验采用石墨垫底铁坩埚,碳酸钠和硼酸混合熔剂高温熔融铁矿石,使铁矿石样品分解彻底,再分别采用铋磷钼蓝和硅钼蓝分光光度法测定磷和二氧化硅含量,从而实现了采用钼蓝分光光度法联合测定铁矿石中磷和二氧化硅。干扰试验表明,在高温熔融时,石墨可将钒(V)还原为钒(III),使样品中钒不干扰磷的测定;显色液中加入15mg硫代硫酸钠溶液可将砷(V)还原为砷(III),继而消除砷对磷测定的干扰。磷的质量浓度在0~3μg/mL范围内遵守比尔定律,校准曲线的线性相关系数为0.9999,表观摩尔吸光系数为2.242×10⁴ L·mol^-1·cm^-1;二氧化硅的质量浓度在0~5μg/mL范围内遵守比尔定律,校准曲线的线性相关系数为0.9995,表观摩尔吸光系数为9.342×10³ L·mol^-1·cm^-1。方法中磷和二氧化硅的检出限分别为0.0026μg/mL和0.0081μg/mL。按照实验方法测定6个铁矿石标准样品中磷和二氧化硅,磷测定结果的相对标准偏差(n=8)小于5%,相对误差小于2%;二氧化硅测定结果的相对标准偏差(n=8)小于2%,相对误差小于1.5%。按照实验方法测定5个铁矿石样品中磷和二氧化硅,磷测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=8)小于7%,二氧化硅测定结果的相对标准偏差(n=8)小于1%;磷和二氧化硅的测定值均与电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法的测定值相一致。     

Induced Activity and Dose Rate in a Fusion Reactor with Molybdenum Blanket Structure

Flow around a circular, square and trapezoid-type turbulence promoter was studied putting it in a center of channels or on a wall for low Reynolds number. Frequencies and power spectrum intensities of shedding vortices behind a promoter were measured.

Results show that vortices behind the trapezoid cylinder were the strongest and the widest. Flow characteristics behind the trapezoid cylinder were similar to that behind the circular cylinder. Vortices behind the square cylinder were the weakest and the narrowest. Adequate shape of turbulence promoter for augmentation of heat transfer was discussed.